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CRANE RUNWAY BEAM DESIGN
- AISC ASD 1989
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Crane runway design based on
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Code Abbreviation
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AISC Manual of Steel Construction: Allowable Stress Design 9th Edition
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AISC ASD 1989
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AISC Design Guide 7: Industrial Buildings-Roofs to Anchor Rods 2nd Edition
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AISC Design Guide 7
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Crane runway beam section
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Label
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Section Properties
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Label
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A
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=
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Label
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[in2]
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dall
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=
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Label
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[in]
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top y2
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=
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Label
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[in]
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bott. y1
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Ix
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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Iy
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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top S2
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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bott. S1
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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Sy
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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Zx
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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Zy
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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rx
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=
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Label
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[in]
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ry
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=
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Label
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[in]
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J
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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W Section
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d
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=
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Label
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[in]
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bf
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=
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Label
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[in]
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tw
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=
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Label
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[in]
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tf
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=
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Label
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[in]
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h
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Top Flange
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Af
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=
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Label
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[in2]
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dall / Af
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=
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Label
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[in-1]
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rT
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=
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Label
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[in]
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ryt
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=
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Label
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[in]
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It
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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St
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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Zt
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=
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Label
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[in3]
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W section yield strength
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Fwy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Cap channel or plate yield strength
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Fcy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Runway beam unbraced length
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Lb
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Design Forces
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Bending moment x-x axis
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Mx
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=
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Label
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[kip-ft]
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Bending moment y-y axis - top flange
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My-t
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=
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Label
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[kip-ft]
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Bending moment y-y axis - bottom flange
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My-b
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=
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Label
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[kip-ft]
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Shear along y-y axis
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Vy
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=
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Label
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[kips]
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Conclusion
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Overall
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Local buckling
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Label
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Bending about X-X Axis - max ratio of top flange compression
and bottom flange tension
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Bending about Y-Y axis in the top compression flange
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Bending about the Y-Y axis in bottom flange -underhung crane
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Biaxial bending in the top compression flange
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Shear along Y-Y Axis
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Web sidesway buckling
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Runway beam vertical deflection
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Runway beam lateral deflection
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ratio
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=
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Label
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Label
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Design Basis & Assumption
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Code Reference
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1. The crane runway beam is designed as simple span beam.
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AISC Design Guide 7
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2. The W section top flange and cap channel resist the hor.
load and the combined section resists the ver.
load. This assumption eliminates the need for an analysis of
torsional effects on the combined section
and simplifies the analysis.
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Section 18.1 on Page 56
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2. For underhung crane the hor. side thrust load is all taken
by the W or S shape bottom flange.
This assumption eliminates the need for an analysis of torsional
effects on the combined section and
simplifies the analysis.
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Section 18.1 on Page 56
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3. If A36 channel cap is used on A992 W section then lateral
torsional buckling and weak axis flexure
strength must be calculated based on A36 yield stress.
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Section 18.1.4 on Page 57
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4. For bending moment about the X axis, the moment caused by runway beam and rail
self weight is
calculated at beam midspan as maximum and added to the maximum
moment caused by crane
moving load. Even though the maximum moment caused by crane moving
load may not be at the
beam midspan, this conservative approach rarely makes a significant
change in the final combined
Mx value used in the runway beam design.
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CALCULATION
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Check Local Buckling
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W Shape Classification
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Flange of W shape
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AISC ASD 1989
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Compact limit
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lp
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=
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65 / sqrt (Fwy)
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=
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Label
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Table B5.1
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Noncompact limit
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lr
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=
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95 / sqrt (Fwy)
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=
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Label
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bf / 2tf
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=
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Label
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Label
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Web of W shape
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Compact limit
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lp
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=
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640 / sqrt (Fwy)
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=
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Label
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Table B5.1
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Noncompact limit
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lr
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=
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760 / sqrt (0.66Fwy)
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=
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Label
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d / tw
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=
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Label
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h / tw
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=
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Label
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Label
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W shape classification
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Label
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Channel Classification
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Flange of Channel
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AISC ASD 1989
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Compact limit
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lp
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=
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65 / sqrt (Fcy)
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=
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Label
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Table B5.1
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Noncompact limit
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lr
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=
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95 / sqrt (Fcy)
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=
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Label
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bf / tf
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=
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Label
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Label
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Web of Channel
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Compact limit
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lp
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=
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640 / sqrt (Fcy)
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=
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Label
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Table B5.1
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Noncompact limit
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lr
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=
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760 / sqrt (0.66Fcy)
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=
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Label
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d / tw
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=
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Label
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h / tw
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=
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Label
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Label
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Channel shape classification
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Label
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Cap Plate Classification
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AISC 360-10
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Flange Cover Plate Between Lines of Welds
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Compact limit
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lp
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=
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1.12 sqrt (E / Fpy)
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=
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Label
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Table B4.1 Case 12
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Noncompact limit
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lr
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=
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1.40 sqrt (E / Fpy)
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=
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Label
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Cap plate classification
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bf / tp
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=
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Label
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Label
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Label
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Label
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Label
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Check Bending about X-X Axis
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Tension
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Allowable tension stress
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Fbx t
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=
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0.6 x Fwy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Actual tension stress
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fbx t
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=
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Mx / S1
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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ratio
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=
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fbx t / Fbx t
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=
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Label
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Label
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Compression
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Label
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Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Label
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Label
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bf
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Label
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AISC ASD 1989
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Critical length
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Lc
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=
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Eq F1-2
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76 bf / sqrt( Fy )
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=
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=
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Label
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[in]
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When Lb <= Lc
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AISC ASD 1989
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For compact sect
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Fbx
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=
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0.66 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F1-1
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For non-compact sect
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bf / 2tf
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=
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Label
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=
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Label
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Fbx
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F1-3
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Fbx
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=
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0.6 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F1-5
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When Lb > Lc
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AISC ASD 1989
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Lb / rT
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=
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=
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Label
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Bending coefficient
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Cb
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=
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1.0
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to be conservative
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x
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=
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=
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Label
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AISC ASD 1989
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For ( Lb / rT ) <= x
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Fbx
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F1-6
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For ( Lb / rT ) > x
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Fbx
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F1-7
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For any value of ( Lb / rT
)
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Fbx
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F1-8
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Allowable compression stress
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Fbx c
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Actual compression stress
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fbx c
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=
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Mx / S2
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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ratio
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=
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fbx c / Fbx c
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=
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Label
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Label
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Check Bending about Y-Y Axis on Top Flange
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AISC ASD 1989
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For compact top flange
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Fby
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=
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0.75 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F2-1
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For non-compact top flange
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Fby
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=
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0.60 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F2-2
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Allowable compression stress
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Fby c
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Actual compression stress
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fby c
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=
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My-t / St
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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ratio
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=
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fby c / Fby c
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=
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Label
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Label
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Check Bending about Y-Y Axis on Bottom Flange
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AISC ASD 1989
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For compact bottom flange
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Fby
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=
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0.75 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F2-1
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For non-compact bottom flange
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Fby
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=
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0.60 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F2-2
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Allowable compression stress
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Fby c
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Actual compression stress
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fby c
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=
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My-b / Sb
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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ratio
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=
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fby c / Fby c
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=
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Label
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Label
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Check Biaxial Bending on Top Flange
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AISC ASD 1989
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Combined bending stress
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fbx / Fbx + fby / Fby
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=
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Label
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Label
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Eq H1-3
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Combined bending stress
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fbx / Fbx
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=
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Label
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Label
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Eq H1-3
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Check Shear along Y-Y Axis
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AISC ASD 1989
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Clear dist between trans. stiffeners
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a
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=
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Lb
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=
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Label
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[in]
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W sect clear dist between flange
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h
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=
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Label
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[in]
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a / h
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=
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Label
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kv
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=
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4.00 + 5.34 / (a / h)2 if a / h <=1
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=
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Label
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F4
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5.34 + 4.00 / (a / h)2 if a / h >1
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h / tw
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=
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Label
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Cv
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=
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Label
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AISC ASD 1989
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For h / tw <= 380 / sqrt ( Fy )
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Fv
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=
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0.40 x Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F4-1
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For h / tw > 380 / sqrt ( Fy )
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Fv
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=
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( Fy x Cv ) / 2.89 <=0.4 Fy
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Eq F4-2
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Allowable shear stress
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Fv
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=
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Actual shear stress
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fv
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=
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Vy / ( d x tw )
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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ratio
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=
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fv /Fv
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=
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Label
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Label
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Check Web Sidesway Buckling
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AISC Design Guide 7
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Use LRFD 13 instead of ASD 9 to increase web sidesway buckling
resistance when flexural stress in the
web is less than 0.66Fy
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Example 18.1.2 notes
on Page 61
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(h / tw) / (Lb / bf)
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=
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Label
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Label
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AISC 360-10
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Max actual bending stress
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fb
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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When fb < (Fy / 1.5) = 0.66 Fy
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Cr
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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When fb >= (Fy / 1.5) = 0.66 Fy
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Cr
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=
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Label
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[ksi]
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Rn
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=
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=
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Label
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[kips]
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Eq J10-7
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Ra
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=
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Rn / Ω = Rn / 1.76
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=
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Label
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[kips]
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Pv-impt
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=
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Pmax x a (impact factor)
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=
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Label
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[kips]
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ratio
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=
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Pv-impt / Ra
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=
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Label
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Label
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Check Runway Beam Deflection
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Code Reference
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Crane serviceability criteria based on
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CISC Guide for the Design of Crane-Supporting Steel Structures 2nd Edition
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Table 4.1 item 14,15
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AISC Design Guide 7: Industrial Buildings-Roofs to Anchor Rods 2nd Edition
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Section 18 on Page 56
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CMAA 70-04 Specifications for Top Running Bridge and Gantry
Type Multiple Girder Electric Overhead
Traveling Cranes
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Clause 1.4.3
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CMAA crane service class
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Label
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Label
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Ver deflection limit (no impact , max wheel load)
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Bv
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=
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Label
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Hor deflection limit (no impact , 10% max wheel load)
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Bh
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=
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Label
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Runway beam span
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L
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Vertical Deflection
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Unfactored max ver. wheel load
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Pmax
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=
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Label
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[kips / per wheel]
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impact factor NOT included
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Ix
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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Max deflection at center
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Dmax
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=
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Label
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Allowable deflection
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Da
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=
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L / Bv
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=
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Label
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[in]
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ratio
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=
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Dmax / Da
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=
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Label
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Label
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Horizontal Deflection
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Unfactored max hor. wheel load
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Ph
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=
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Label
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[kips / per wheel]
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For top running crane, only top flange moment of inertia is considered for deflection
check
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Top flange
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It
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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For underhung crane, only bottom flange moment of inertia is considered for deflection
check
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Bottom flange
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Ib
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=
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Label
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[in4]
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Max deflection at center
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Dmax
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=
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Label
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=
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Label
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[in]
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Allowable deflection
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Da
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=
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L / Bh
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=
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Label
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[in]
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ratio
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=
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Dmax / Da
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=
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Label
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Label
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